{"id":5210,"date":"2025-11-04T16:37:15","date_gmt":"2025-11-04T15:37:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/irccs.com\/patologie\/tumors-of-the-peritoneum\/"},"modified":"2026-05-04T17:42:15","modified_gmt":"2026-05-04T15:42:15","slug":"tumors-of-the-peritoneum","status":"publish","type":"pathology","link":"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/pathology\/tumors-of-the-peritoneum\/","title":{"rendered":"Tumors of the Peritoneum"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"pathology\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Pathology<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>peritoneum<\/strong> is a thin serous membrane that lines the inner surface of the abdominal cavity and <strong>envelops <\/strong>many<strong> abdominal organs<\/strong>, including the <strong>stomach, intestines, liver, and uterus<\/strong>. It serves to <strong>protect and support these organs<\/strong>, while also facilitating their smooth movement within the abdomen. Tumors of the peritoneum comprise a<strong> rare group of neoplasms<\/strong> that may arise as <strong>primary<\/strong> lesions or develop <strong>secondary<\/strong> to <strong>metastatic disease<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Types<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Primary forms<\/strong> arise directly in the peritoneum and are less common. Among these, the most frequent are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Peritoneal mesothelioma<\/strong>, which develops from mesothelial cells in the peritoneum;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Primary carcinoma of the peritoneum<\/strong>, a malignancy with histologic features similar to serous ovarian carcinoma, but developing independently of the ovaries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Far more common are secondary forms, also referred to as <strong>peritoneal carcinosis<\/strong>, which result from the dissemination of malignant cells from primary tumors in other abdominal organs. The <strong>most frequent primary sites<\/strong> include the <strong>colorectum, ovaries, and stomach<\/strong>, with less common origins in the <strong>pancreas or liver<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Previously regarded as a terminal condition manageable only with palliative care, <strong>peritoneal carcinosis is now understood as a locoregional disease<\/strong> that, in carefully selected patients, may be amenable to <strong>multimodal treatment with curative intent<\/strong>. In this context, <strong>cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) <\/strong>has emerged as one of the most innovative and promising therapeutic strategies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Numbers in Italy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to data from the <strong>AIRTUM (Italian Association of Cancer Registries)<\/strong>, primary tumors of the peritoneum are rare, representing less than 1% of all malignancies, whereas secondary involvement of the peritoneum is considerably more common, particularly in patients with advanced-stage abdominal cancers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"risk-factors\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Risk Factors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Peritoneal tumors, whether primary or secondary, may be associated with a range of factors that increase the likelihood of involvement of the peritoneal membrane. The main recognized risk factors are summarized below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Previous advanced abdominal malignancy<\/strong>: In particular, <a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/pathology\/colorectal-cancers\/\">colorectal<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/pathology\/tumors-of-the-stomach\/\">cancer, stomach cancer<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/pathology\/tumors-of-the-ovary\/\">ovarian cancer, or appendix cancer<\/a> with a propensity for local spread are associated with a higher risk of developing peritoneal carcinosis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Asbestos exposure<\/strong>: In cases of peritoneal mesothelioma, occupational or environmental exposure to asbestos is the principal known risk factor for this primary malignancy of the peritoneal lining.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Advanced age and female sex<\/strong>: Certain primary peritoneal tumors, particularly those histologically similar to ovarian carcinoma, occur more frequently in women over 60 years of age.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Genetic predisposition and family history<\/strong>: Germline mutations (e.g., in <em>BRCA1<\/em>, <em>BRCA2<\/em>, or genes associated with Lynch syndrome), as well as a family history of ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancers, are associated with an increased risk of peritoneal neoplasms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Obesity and hormonal factors<\/strong>: For some primary peritoneal tumors, obesity and a history of hormone replacement therapy have also been identified as associated risk factors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"symptoms\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Symptoms<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the early stages, tumors of the peritoneum may not show obvious signs of disease. In fact, symptoms often appear at a more advanced stage, when the tumor has spread within the peritoneal cavity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most common clinical manifestations include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ascites<\/strong>, defined as the accumulation of fluid within the abdominal cavity, leading to abdominal distension, bloating, and a sensation of tightness;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Progressive increase in abdominal circumference<\/strong>, not attributable to changes in diet or body weight;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Diffuse or persistent abdominal pain<\/strong>, often described as a feeling of heaviness or constant discomfort;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Alterations in bowel habits<\/strong> (alvus), such as constipation, diarrhea, or irregular bowel movements;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dyspnea<\/strong>, resulting from diaphragmatic compression caused by the accumulation of ascitic fluid;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Anorexia and early satiety<\/strong>, related to compression of intra-abdominal organs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because these symptoms may also occur in a range of benign conditions, they should not be a cause for undue alarm. However, it is important to <strong>seek prompt medical evaluation <\/strong>if they are persistent or progressively worsening. A thorough clinical assessment enables the physician to determine whether further diagnostic investigations are warranted and, if a diagnosis is confirmed, to initiate an individualized treatment plan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"diagnosis-and-examination\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Diagnosis and Examination<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The diagnosis of peritoneal tumors requires a <strong>careful, multidisciplinary approach<\/strong>, as clinical manifestations are often non-specific and may overlap with those of other abdominal conditions. The primary objectives are to detect the presence of disease at an early stage, evaluate its extent, and determine the most appropriate therapeutic strategy.<\/p>\n\n\n\t<div id=\"block_69f8be56a93db\" class=\"accordion-block acf-block\">\n\t\t<div class=\"my-4 lg:my-6\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Level 1 examinations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>The diagnostic work-up typically begins with a specialist clinical evaluation, followed by non-invasive imaging studies that are essential for detecting the presence of ascites or abdominal masses, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Abdominal ultrasound<\/li>\n<li>Contrast-enhance CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis<\/li>\n<li>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)<\/li>\n<li>PET-CT<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Second level examinations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>When radiological findings suggest the presence of peritoneal disease, histological confirmation is required, meaning microscopic identification of tumor cells. This is obtained through:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Diagnostic paracentesis<\/li>\n<li>Percutaneous or laparoscopic biopsy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Diagnostic Laparoscopy<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<p>In many cases, <strong>diagnostic laparoscopy represents a key step<\/strong>. It is a minimally invasive procedure that allows direct visualization of the peritoneal cavity, assessment of disease extent, and collection of tissue samples for histological examination. This procedure also <strong>helps determine tumor resectability<\/strong>, that is, whether the disease can be managed surgically.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Multidisciplinary Assessment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All diagnostic findings are reviewed within the <strong>Interdisciplinary Care Group<\/strong> (GIC) or Multidisciplinary Team (MDT). This multidisciplinary approach enables the <strong>development<\/strong> of a <strong>personalized treatment strategy<\/strong>, taking into account the biological characteristics of the tumor, the extent of disease, and the patient\u2019s overall clinical condition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"therapies\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Therapies<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once the diagnosis has been confirmed, the multidisciplinary team evaluates several factors in order to define an <strong>individualized treatment plan<\/strong>. Alongside the tumor type, size, and extent of disease spread, patient-related factors such as age, overall health status, and medical history are also taken into account. The proposed therapeutic strategy is then discussed with the patient, including alternative options when comparable efficacy is available.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br><strong>For selected patients <\/strong>with particularly aggressive disease in whom standard treatments have not been effective, access to <strong>experimental therapies<\/strong> within clinical trials conducted by the Institute may also be considered. When deemed appropriate by the multidisciplinary team, this option is presented and carefully explained to the patient, with whom a shared decision-making process is undertaken.<br>Surgery<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Surgery<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The success of treatment for peritoneal carcinosis depends on <strong>careful patient selection, advanced surgical expertise, and appropriate postoperative management<\/strong>. These factors can be reliably ensured only in specialized referral centers dedicated to the treatment of this disease, such as our Institute.<\/p>\n\n\n\t<div id=\"block_69f8be56a94e2\" class=\"accordion-block acf-block\">\n\t\t<div class=\"my-4 lg:my-6\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Peritoneal Carcinosis<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Over the past 20 years, the treatment of <strong>peritoneal carcinomatosis<\/strong> has made significant progress through the development of advanced surgical techniques and <strong>combined<\/strong> therapeutic strategies. This condition, once considered a terminal stage of disease, can now be approached in a targeted manner and, in selected cases, with curative intent.<\/p>\n<p>The most effective and internationally recognized strategy is the combined approach, which includes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Cytoreductive surgery<\/strong>, aimed at complete or near-complete removal of visible peritoneal disease<\/li>\n<li><strong>Intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia (HIPEC)<\/strong>, which allows direct treatment of the abdominal cavity with heated chemotherapy agents.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Cytoreductive surgery<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The objective of surgery is the <strong>removal of all macroscopic tumor implants<\/strong> within the peritoneal cavity. Since systemic chemotherapy penetrates only a few millimeters into tissue, complete surgical cytoreduction is a crucial component of treatment.<\/p>\n<p>The procedure may include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Removal of the primary tumor and regional lymph nodes<\/li>\n<li>Resection of involved organs such as the spleen, gallbladder, portions of the stomach or intestine, and, in selected cases, the uterus and adnexa, depending on disease distribution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>When the disease involves the peritoneal lining, a <strong>peritonectomy<\/strong> may be performed, consisting of partial or total removal of the peritoneum (pelvic, parietal, central, or diaphragmatic), according to standardized and internationally recognized techniques. This approach is indicated only when a complete macroscopic cytoreduction can be achieved.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia (HIPEC)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>After completion of cytoreductive surgery, <strong>HIPEC<\/strong> is performed in the same operative session. During this procedure, the abdominal cavity is perfused for approximately 60\u201390 minutes with a <strong>chemotherapy solution heated to 41\u201342\u00b0C.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Hyperthermia<\/strong> <strong>enhances the cytotoxic effect of the drugs<\/strong> and acts directly on residual tumor cells, damaging their internal structures and reducing the risk of recurrence. Intraperitoneal delivery allows the administration of very high local drug concentrations, up to 1,000 times higher than systemic levels, while limiting systemic toxicity.<\/p>\n<p>HIPEC is <strong>particularly indicated<\/strong> for tumors that predominantly remain confined to the abdominal cavity, such as <strong>ovarian<\/strong>, <strong>appendiceal<\/strong>, and <strong>primary peritoneal tumors<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Pseudomyxoma Peritonei (PMP)<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP)<\/strong> is a <strong>rare mucinous neoplasm<\/strong> that most commonly <strong>originates from the appendix<\/strong>, and less frequently <strong>from other organs<\/strong> such as the <strong>ovary<\/strong>, <strong>colon<\/strong>, or <strong>small intestine<\/strong>. It is characterized by the progressive production and accumulation of <strong>mucin<\/strong> <strong>(gelatinous mucus)<\/strong> within the abdominal cavity, which can lead to increasing abdominal distension and, in advanced stages, impairment of organ function.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Historically<\/strong>, treatment was based on repeated <strong>debulking surgeries<\/strong>, aimed at partial removal of mucinous deposits and tumor masses. However, this approach provided limited long-term benefit, with frequent recurrences and <strong>poor survival outcomes<\/strong>, including 5-year survival rates of approximately 6% and perioperative mortality of around 2.7%.<\/p>\n<p>Advances in surgical oncology have established the <strong>combination of cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia (HIPEC)<\/strong> as the current standard of care. This strategy, pioneered by <strong>U.S. surgeon Paul Sugarbaker<\/strong>, has <strong>significantly improved outcomes<\/strong>, with reported 10-year survival rates <strong>reaching up to 80%<\/strong> in carefully selected patients treated in specialized centers.<\/p>\n<p>Management of PMP requires a high level of multidisciplinary expertise and should be performed exclusively in referral centers equipped with the necessary surgical experience and infrastructure to ensure both efficacy and patient safety.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Peritoneal Mesothelioma<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"367\"><strong>Diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (DMPM)<\/strong> is a <strong>rare malignancy arising from the mesothelial cells<\/strong> <strong>that line the peritoneum<\/strong>, the thin membrane covering the inner surface of the abdominal cavity. It is <strong>strongly associated<\/strong> <strong>with<\/strong> prior exposure to <strong>asbestos<\/strong> and, in recent years, its incidence has shown a progressive increase, in parallel with pleural mesothelioma.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"369\" data-end=\"581\">DMPM is <strong>generally poorly responsive to conventional<\/strong> systemic chemotherapy. However, in selected cases, systemic treatment may reduce tumor burden and render patients eligible for more radical surgical approaches.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"583\" data-end=\"885\">As early as 2006, the Consensus Conference of the Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International (PSOGI) identified the <strong>combination of cytoreductive surgery<\/strong> <strong>(CRS) and intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia (HIPEC)<\/strong>, with or without systemic chemotherapy, as the standard of care for peritoneal mesothelioma.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"887\" data-end=\"1206\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Clinical <strong>outcomes<\/strong> with this multimodal strategy are <strong>significantly<\/strong> <strong>improved<\/strong>. Whereas median survival with systemic chemotherapy alone is approximately 12 months, combined treatment with CRS and HIPEC, with or without systemic therapy, has been associated with median <strong>survivals exceeding 50 months<\/strong> in specialized centers.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Peritoneal carcinosis of colorectal origin<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin<\/strong> may develop as a <strong>progression of colon or rectal cancer<\/strong> when malignant cells disseminate within the peritoneal cavity.<\/p>\n<p>Thanks to advances in systemic therapies and the availability of combined treatment strategies, <strong>median survival for this condition has significantly improved<\/strong>, reaching approximately <strong>24 months<\/strong>. These findings support the concept that peritoneal dissemination represents a <strong>biologically distinct pattern of metastatic disease<\/strong> compared with other forms of colorectal cancer spread.<\/p>\n<p>In carefully selected patients, the <strong>combination of cytoreductive surgery (CRS)<\/strong> and <strong>intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia (HIPEC)<\/strong> has demonstrated further improved outcomes, with <strong>median survival approaching 30 months and a disease-free interval<\/strong> exceeding one year.<\/p>\n<p>Based on this evidence, the <strong>Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM)<\/strong> has <strong>included<\/strong>, since its <strong>2016 guidelines<\/strong>, the option of CRS plus HIPEC for <strong>patients with isolated peritoneal carcinomatosis<\/strong>, provided that treatment is performed in specialized <strong>high-volume centers with dedicated<\/strong> multidisciplinary expertise in the management of this complex condition.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Peritoneal carcinosis of ovarian origin<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Epithelial ovarian carcinoma<\/strong> is the most common and aggressive form of <strong>gynecologic malignancy<\/strong>. It is often referred to as a <strong>\u201csilent tumor\u201d<\/strong> because it typically causes <strong>few early symptoms<\/strong> and is frequently <strong>diagnosed at an advanced stage (III or IV)<\/strong>, when peritoneal dissemination has already occurred.<\/p>\n<p>Standard treatment for advanced ovarian cancer is <strong>based on two main pillars<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Cytoreductive surgery<\/strong>, aimed at removing as much visible disease as possible<\/li>\n<li><strong>Systemic chemotherapy<\/strong>, targeting residual microscopic cancer cells<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The propensity of ovarian carcinoma to <strong>spread<\/strong> predominantly within the <strong>peritoneal cavity<\/strong> has made it a particularly <strong>suitable model for locoregional treatment strategies<\/strong> that act directly at the site of disease.<\/p>\n<p>In this context, the <strong>combination<\/strong> of cytoreductive surgery (<strong>CRS<\/strong>) and intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia (<strong>HIPEC<\/strong>) has shown encouraging results. Initially adopted mainly in recurrent disease, this approach is now also considered in selected cases at the time of primary diagnosis, as supported by recent international evidence (Van Driel et al., New England Journal of Medicine, 2018).<\/p>\n<p><strong>This combined strategy, when applied in highly specialized centers and in appropriately selected patients, can significantly improve overall survival and quality of life, offering new therapeutic perspectives even in advanced stages of the disease.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chemotherapy  <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The treatment of peritoneal carcinosis is increasingly based on a <strong>multimodal approach<\/strong> that combines <strong>different therapeutic strategies <\/strong>to <strong>optimize <\/strong>patient <strong>outcomes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Within this framework, systemic chemotherapy may be administered:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Before surgery<\/strong> (neoadjuvant setting), to reduce tumor burden and increase the likelihood of achieving complete cytoreductive surgery;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>After surgery<\/strong> (adjuvant setting), to reduce the risk of recurrence and limit disease dissemination beyond the peritoneal cavity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In recent years, the development of <strong>more<\/strong> <strong>targeted<\/strong> and <strong>effective agents <\/strong>has contributed to improved treatment outcomes and has enabled a more personalized therapeutic approach. However, standardized protocols regarding the number of cycles, timing, and drug combinations are still lacking, as management must be tailored to the individual patient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For this reason, <strong>it is essential that each patient be managed within an Interdisciplinary Care Group (ICG) dedicated to this disease<\/strong>. This multidisciplinary team, composed of oncologists, surgeons, radiation oncologists, and other specialists,<strong> collectively evaluates the clinical situation<\/strong>, defines an <strong>individualized treatment plan<\/strong>, and accompanies the patient throughout the entire therapeutic pathway.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Supportive Therapies<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Patients with peritoneal carcinosis receive comprehensive support throughout their diagnostic and therapeutic journey from specialists in palliative care, nutrition, and psycho-oncology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"ongoing-support\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Ongoing Support<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the Candiolo Cancer Institute, physicians and nurses within the multidisciplinary team are available to provide patients with comprehensive support in managing the various side effects that may arise during treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\t<div id=\"block_69f8be56a959f\" class=\"accordion-block acf-block\">\n\t\t<div class=\"my-4 lg:my-6\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Direct line to specialists<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>The cancer patient is often a <strong>vulnerable individual<\/strong> who requires continuous support throughout the disease course. When new symptoms arise, whether related to the underlying disease or to treatment-related adverse effects, it is essential that timely specialist evaluation is ensured through a dedicated <strong>\u201cfast track\u201d<\/strong> pathway.<\/p>\n<p>The Candiolo Cancer Institute provides a <strong>dedicated support service<\/strong>, available Monday to Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Patients may contact the Oncology Day Hospital Secretariat at <strong>+39 011.993.3775<\/strong> to report the need for an urgent clinical assessment. <strong>The referring specialist is then promptly informed and will contact the patient to ensure timely evaluation and appropriate management.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Continuing care and palliative care<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>At the Candiolo Cancer Institute, multidisciplinary specialists are available to provide patients, when needed or upon request, with comprehensive supportive care, including:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:list --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li>nutritional support<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>psychological support<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>physiotherapy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>dressing of venous access devices<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>pain therapy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Management of other coexisting conditions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Social work<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Social work<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>The Social Service Department of the Candiolo Institute conducts <strong>information and orientation interviews for patients and their families <\/strong>on how to access services in the area and how to obtain welfare and social security benefits provided by law (disability, benefits for aids and prostheses, work leave, etc.).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>The service operates on Wednesdays and Fridays from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. &#8211; Phone: 011.993.30<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Follow up<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>At the end of the treatment course, the follow-up phase begins.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> During this period, clinical evaluations and diagnostic tests are performed to monitor treatment-related side effects, assess therapeutic efficacy, and evaluate the patient\u2019s functional recovery.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Follow-up is <\/span><b>essential for the early detection of disease recurrence<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, enabling timely initiation of appropriate therapeutic strategies. It also provides an important opportunity for ongoing communication between the patient and the treating specialist.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Follow-up visits are scheduled by the same specialist physician, who assesses the patient\u2019s clinical status and reviews the results of the required investigations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Surveillance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is typically conducted at predefined intervals over a period of <\/span><b>5\u201310 years<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and may include clinical examination, blood tests, tumor markers (CEA and CA 19-9), and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans of the chest and abdomen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Initially, follow-up is more frequent, generally every three to six months, and is then progressively spaced out over time, eventually transitioning to annual assessments. <\/span><b>The frequency and type of investigations are individualized according to tumor stage and treatments received.<\/b><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"interdisciplinary-group\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Interdisciplinary Group<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Every cancer requires, at all stages of its management, a <strong>multidisciplinary approach<\/strong>, which at the Candiolo Cancer Institute is ensured by a team of specialists from the various clinical and surgical departments. This team is referred to as the <strong>GIC<\/strong> (Interdisciplinary Care Group).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The GIC is responsible for accompanying each patient throughout the entire diagnostic and therapeutic pathway, including the prescription and scheduling of examinations, as well as communication with the patient and their family members.<\/strong> It defines and shares a<strong> personalized care plan <\/strong>for each individual, based not only on the type and stage of the tumor but also on patient-specific characteristics. The objective is to achieve the best possible oncological and functional outcomes while <strong>maintaining <\/strong>an <strong>optimal quality of life<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Group also collaborates closely with the Institute\u2019s research teams to ensure timely access to the most recent innovations in screening, diagnosis, and treatment arising from ongoing scientific research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"clinical-divisions\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Clinical Divisions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The diagnostic and therapeutic pathway for peritoneal tumors at the Candiolo Cancer Institute involves several clinical divisions, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/medical-area\/oncologic-surgery\/\" type=\"medical-area\" id=\"5163\">Oncologic surgery<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/medical-area\/gastroenterology-and-digestive-endoscopy\/\" type=\"medical-area\" id=\"5125\">Gastroenterology and digestive endoscopy<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/medical-area\/gynecologic-oncology-and-hereditary-tumors\/\">Gynecologic Oncology<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/medical-area\/medical-oncology\/\" type=\"medical-area\" id=\"5169\">Medical oncology<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/medical-area\/anesthesia-and-resuscitation\/\" type=\"medical-area\" id=\"5185\">Anesthesia and resuscitation<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/medical-area\/radiodiagnostics\/\" type=\"medical-area\" id=\"5101\">Radiodiagnostics<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/medical-area\/nuclear-medicine\/\" type=\"medical-area\" id=\"5106\">Nuclear medicine<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/medical-area\/radiotherapy\/\" type=\"medical-area\" id=\"5104\">Radiotherapy<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/medical-area\/pathologic-anatomy\/\" type=\"medical-area\" id=\"5118\">Pathologic anatomy<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"why-choose-us\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Why Choose Us<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the Candiolo Cancer Institute, each patient with pancreatic cancer is managed through a highly specialized approach, supported by the coordinated work of a dedicated Interdisciplinary Care Group (GIC).<\/p>\n\n\n\t<div id=\"block_69f8be56a95d7\" class=\"accordion-block acf-block\">\n\t\t<div class=\"my-4 lg:my-6\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Clinical experience and tailored approach<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} --><!-- \/wp:heading --><!-- wp:paragraph -->Due to the high number of cases treated each year, the Candiolo Institute is a national reference for taking pancreatic cancers. Our experience enables us to deal with even the most complex situations, always with a personalized approach built on the clinical and personal profile of each patient.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Imaging technologies and advanced diagnostics<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Establishing the treatment plan always starts with an <strong>accurate and timely diagnosis<\/strong>. Patients have access to state-of-the-art imaging technologies that allow accurate assessment of the extent of the disease.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>In addition, the Institute offers advanced and sophisticated laboratory investigations, including molecular and genomic analyses, which are critical for identifying biological features of cancer and guiding therapeutic decisions<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Minimally invasive surgical techniques and multidisciplinarity<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>When indicated, surgery is performed with minimally invasive techniques (laparoscopic or thoracoscopic), which reduce operative trauma, promote faster recovery, and improve postoperative quality of life. Every treatment choice is defined within the GIC, ensuring a consistent and integrated approach.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Clinical research and access to trials<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>As an IRCCS, the Candiolo Institute combines clinical practice with a strong vocation for scientific research. Patients can be evaluated for<strong><a href=\"#studi-clinici\">inclusion in active clinical trials<\/a><\/strong>, which represent a real chance to access innovative therapies not yet available in standard practice. Collaboration between care and research is a distinctive value that translates into concrete opportunities for the patient.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Care and support every step of the way<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Interdisciplinary Care Group takes care of the person at every stage: from diagnosis to treatment to follow-up, with attention to nutritional support, psychological health, and reintegration into daily life. The organization of checkups, visits and treatment is designed to ensure continuity and serenity, always valuing the human dimension of care.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5210","pathology","type-pathology","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tumors of the Peritoneum - Istituto di Candiolo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn about the peritoneal cancer diagnosis and treatment program at the Candiolo Institute (Turin) with advanced surgical treatments.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/pathology\/tumors-of-the-peritoneum\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tumors of the Peritoneum - 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