{"id":5252,"date":"2024-12-11T17:33:52","date_gmt":"2024-12-11T16:33:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/irccs.com\/patologie\/bone-tumors\/"},"modified":"2026-03-26T14:52:41","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T13:52:41","slug":"bone-tumors","status":"publish","type":"pathology","link":"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/pathology\/bone-tumors\/","title":{"rendered":"Bone tumors"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"pathology\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Pathology<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bone tumors<\/strong> can develop directly from the cells that make up the skeleton, giving rise to <strong>primary bone tumors<\/strong>, or, more frequently, bone can become the site of metastasis, when cancer cells from other organs settle there and form what are known as <strong>metastatic bone tumors<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong> Primary tumors <\/strong>of bone can be <strong>benign<\/strong>, with local growth without the ability to spread, or <strong>malignant<\/strong>, able to infiltrate surrounding tissues and metastasize to other organs, especially the lungs.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The numbers in Italy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Primary tumors of bone are <strong>rare tumors<\/strong>. About <strong>350 new cases<\/strong> per <strong>year<\/strong> (1 per 100,000 population) are reported in Italy.<strong> They most often affect young people <\/strong>(average age around 20 years); about <strong>50% of cases are diagnosed before age 60.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While primary malignant tumors are rare, <strong>metastatic bone tumors are steadily increasing<\/strong> in view of increased patient survival.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Types<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>All bone cells can transform and generate a primary tumor of bone.The classification of primary tumors of bone is articulated. <strong>Malignant<\/strong> forms are rare and include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Osteosarcoma<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ewing&#8217;s sarcoma<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chondrosarcoma<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"symptoms\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Symptoms<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bone tumors can manifest with <strong>persistent pain<\/strong> and <strong>swelling<\/strong> in the affected area, but these symptoms are not always specific. Sometimes the tumor restricts joint movement or weakens the bone structure, increasing the risk of <strong>spontaneous fractures<\/strong>.<br>If the vertebrae are involved, <strong>neurological disorders<\/strong> may also appear, such as radiating pain, loss of sensation, or reduced muscle strength. In some cases, the disease is accompanied by more general signs, such as <strong>fever<\/strong> or <strong>widespread fatigue<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"risk-factors\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Risk factors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The precise causes of bone tumors are not yet fully known. However, through the study of the characteristics of the disease, some <strong>risk factors<\/strong> have been identified that may increase the likelihood of developing it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>age and growth<\/strong>: osteosarcoma appears most often in children and adolescents, just during the stage when bones are growing fastest;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/divisioni-cliniche\/radiotherapy\/\" type=\"medical-area\" id=\"5104\">radiation therapy<\/a><\/strong>: Those who have been exposed to high doses of radiation in the past to treat other diseases may have an increased risk;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>previous cancer treatments<\/strong>: some chemotherapies or stem cell transplantation may predispose to the disease;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>hereditary factors<\/strong>:  \n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>certain genetic alterations, such as those involving the <strong>p53<\/strong> and <strong>RB1<\/strong> genes, increase the likelihood of developing sarcomas;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>children with <strong>retinoblastoma<\/strong> (a rare retinal tumor) have a higher risk of developing osteosarcoma;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>those who suffer from <strong>multiple hereditary exostoses<\/strong> (small outgrowths of bone) are more likely to develop chondrosarcoma.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"diagnosis-and-examination\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Diagnosis and examination<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Patients who access the multidisciplinary bone cancer program usually arrive already with a diagnosis. At this stage, the <strong><a href=\"#gruppo-interdisciplinare\">Interdisciplinary Care Group (ICG)<\/a><\/strong> takes charge of the person, assessing the symptoms present and the risk of any complications that could compromise quality of life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Diagnostic tests<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Several imaging methods can be used to study bone tumors:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Traditional radiology<\/strong>, useful as a first approach;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CT (Computed Tomography) scan<\/strong>, to assess in detail the bone structure and any lesions;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)<\/strong>, particularly indicated to study the extension of the disease to surrounding tissues;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PET scan<\/strong>, which provides information on the metabolic activity of the tumor and possible spread to other sites.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The choice of examination always depends on the individual clinical case and the diagnostic question to be clarified.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The definitive diagnosis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A <strong>biopsy<\/strong>, which can be performed by CT- or ultrasound-guided techniques or by minor surgery, is always required to arrive at a definite diagnosis. The material taken is then analyzed by the<strong>anatomopathologist<\/strong>, who through histological, immunohistochemical, and, when necessary, molecular biology investigations, precisely defines the type of tumor. This step is crucial because it guides treatment decisions and allows for the planning of a personalized care pathway.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"therapies\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Therapies<\/h2>\n\n\n\t<div id=\"block_69c53a2898765\" class=\"accordion-block acf-block\">\n\t\t<div class=\"my-4 lg:my-6\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Orthopedic surgery<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Orthopedic oncology deals with the management of cancers of the musculoskeletal system, whether primary or secondary, benign or malignant, through both <strong data-start=\"235\" data-end=\"249\">surgical<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"254\" data-end=\"272\">nonsurgical<\/strong> interventions.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"67\" data-end=\"252\">In recent years, due to the complexity and specificity of these diseases, orthopedic oncology has emerged as a <strong>separate specialty within orthopedics<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"254\" data-end=\"644\">The main goal of this discipline is to <strong>remove the bone segments involved by tumors<\/strong> and, at the same time, reconstruct them to enable the patient to<strong> preserve mobility<\/strong>, daily functions, and social life as much as possible, thus ensuring the best possible quality of life. Of course, this is all accompanied by the goal of gaining control of the disease.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"646\" data-end=\"1097\">The choice of the most appropriate therapeutic strategy, including reconstructive techniques, always arises from <strong>multidisciplinary discussion among the specialists involved<\/strong>. In some cases, it may be useful to postpone surgery in favor of medical or radiation therapies; in others, surgery should be performed early, for example, to reduce the risk of fractures or because of the proximity of the lesion to critical anatomic structures.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1099\" data-end=\"1317\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Only through collaboration between different specialists is it possible to optimize outcomes, control pain, and preserve the organs involved, all of which are critical to ensuring the patient&#8217;s quality of life.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Radiotherapy<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/reservations\/radioterapia-2\/\">Radiation therapy<\/a> consists of the use of <\/span><b>high-energy radiation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  To destroy cancer cells. Treatment is performed at the Division of Radiotherapy in consecutive daily sessions, Monday through Friday, in cycles that can last from a single session up to 10 to 15 sessions depending on the intent and dose to be administered.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Radiation therapy is widely used in the case of bone metastases because of its <\/span><b>known antalgic power<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is also used in the case of <\/span><b>prevention of pathological fractures<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by resorting to its recalcifying power and in cases of compression by neoplastic tissue of critical and vital organs (e.g., the spinal cord).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It may have a <\/span><b>postoperative role<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> after a decompressive laminectomy, a surgical procedure aimed at decompressing the spinal cord and\/or spinal roots, in which case radiation therapy will be responsible for sterilizing the affected territory from any residual tumor tissue.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Radiation therapy can have <\/span><b>curative intent<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  In the case of situations where the number of bone localizations is limited and disease recovery is still being pursued. In the latter case, special techniques such as the  <\/span><b>stereotactic radiotherapy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This is a high-dose, highly collimated radiation therapy that makes use of a limited number of sessions, from one to five.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Interventional radiology<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interventional radiology is an <\/span><b>operative branch of medical radiology<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that uses radiologic guidance (ultrasound, CT, fluoroscopy) to perform <\/span><b>minimally invasive procedures, alternatives to surgery<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, to diagnose and treat various pathologies including bone diseases.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The main procedures in interventional bone radiology are as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Bone biopsy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: consists of the harvesting, under ultrasound or CT guidance, of bone tissue suspected of tumor involvement. The procedure is generally outpatient and is performed using local anesthesia; it involves harvesting using a special cannula that removes a small whip of tissue without the need for surgical incisions;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Vertebroplasty and osteoplasty<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: These procedures allow, through the use of cannulas of a few mm introduced under radiological guidance, to inject resins into fractures or bone lesions in order to prevent their worsening and to reduce pain in association with radiotherapy and medical therapy. In some cases, these procedures may be combined with percutaneous insertion of screws or prostheses. Vertebroplasty can also be performed in fractures that are not directly caused by the tumor but need to be treated to reduce pain;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Thermoablation and Cryoablation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: consist of targeted destruction of cancer cells by probes emitting high or very low temperatures that are introduced under radiological guidance. These procedures are performed in patients with few neoplastic lesions in whom radiotherapy is not feasible and may be combined with vertebroplasty and osteoplasty.  <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Pain therapy<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"69\" data-end=\"493\"><strong> Pain from bone metastasis is the most common among cancer patients<\/strong>, involving about one-third of cases. This type of pain significantly affects quality of life, reducing walking ability and increasing the risk of neurological deficits and pathological fractures.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"69\" data-end=\"493\">Bone pain typically has three components<strong>: baseline pain, spontaneous pain, and motion-induced pain.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"495\" data-end=\"893\"><strong> Treatment is multimodal<\/strong> and may include systemic analgesics, bisphosphonates, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, orthopedic interventions, and neuromodulation techniques.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"495\" data-end=\"893\">There are no specific pharmacological guidelines for bone metastases; therefore, pain treatment follows World Health Organization (WHO) and European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) guidelines.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"895\" data-end=\"1040\"><strong>Evaluation of the effectiveness of therapies<\/strong> should be based on subjective measures of pain, quality of life, and patient judgment.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1042\" data-end=\"1127\">According to WHO, drug treatment is divided into a three-step ladder:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1128\" data-end=\"1527\">\n<li data-start=\"1128\" data-end=\"1228\">\n<p data-start=\"1130\" data-end=\"1228\"><strong data-start=\"1130\" data-end=\"1148\">Step one:<\/strong> mild pain medications (acetaminophen, NSAIDs), with or without adjuvant drugs;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1229\" data-end=\"1361\">\n<p data-start=\"1231\" data-end=\"1361\"><strong data-start=\"1231\" data-end=\"1251\">Second step:<\/strong> weak opioids for mild-to-moderate pain (codeine, tramadol, tapentadol), with or without adjuvant drugs;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1362\" data-end=\"1527\">\n<p data-start=\"1364\" data-end=\"1527\"><strong data-start=\"1364\" data-end=\"1382\">Third step:<\/strong> strong opioids for moderate-to-severe pain (morphine, methadone, fentanyl, buprenorphine, oxycodone, hydromorphone), with or without adjuvant drugs.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1529\" data-end=\"1850\">The ladder can be extended to a <strong data-start=\"1561\" data-end=\"1579\">fourth step<\/strong>, involving rotation or change of route of administration (subcutaneous or intravenous elastomers), and a <strong data-start=\"1695\" data-end=\"1713\">fifth step<\/strong>, reserved for invasive interventions such as intrathecal pumps, spinal cord stimulators, or chordotomies, in patients refractory to other therapies.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1852\" data-end=\"2265\">Medications, non-opioids or opioids, may be combined with corticosteroids, antiepileptics, local anesthetics, antidepressants, anti-nausea or anti-stipsia, depending on the intensity and type of pain and side effects. Anti-inflammatories are recommended either as a first step or in combination with opioids for severe pain, but their use must consider the patient&#8217;s clinical condition.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2267\" data-end=\"2322\"><strong>Effective analgesic therapy<\/strong>, according to WHO, must:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2323\" data-end=\"2676\">\n<li data-start=\"2323\" data-end=\"2452\">\n<p data-start=\"2325\" data-end=\"2452\">prevent pain by taking medications at regular times (&#8220;as needed&#8221; administration is reserved for breakthrough pain);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2453\" data-end=\"2513\">\n<p data-start=\"2455\" data-end=\"2513\">Be easy to take, favoring the oral route;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2514\" data-end=\"2594\">\n<p data-start=\"2516\" data-end=\"2594\">be changed promptly when the analgesic loses effectiveness;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2595\" data-end=\"2676\">\n<p data-start=\"2597\" data-end=\"2676\">Be customized in dosage, drug type and route of administration.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2678\" data-end=\"2799\"><strong>A proper pharmacological approach can control pain in more than 90% of patients with bone metastases.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"ongoing-support\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Ongoing support<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>At our institute, we ensure <strong>constant support before, during and after treatment <\/strong>to accompany each patient throughout the entire course of treatment and recovery.<\/p>\n\n\n\t<div id=\"block_69c53a28987f8\" class=\"accordion-block acf-block\">\n\t\t<div class=\"my-4 lg:my-6\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Continuing and palliative care<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The cancer patient is a person with <\/span><b>complex needs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that requires <\/span><b>multidisciplinary support<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> not only for the cancer disease, but also for all related issues.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the Candiolo Institute, patients who need or require it have access to <\/span><b>specialists in different areas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to receive nutritional support, physical therapy, pain therapy and management of other associated conditions.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Management of side effects<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Treatment for bone tumors often involves <strong>side effects <\/strong>that impact quality of life more or less severely. However, they can be mitigated and in some cases prevented by specific treatments and\/or appropriate lifestyle.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>At the Candiolo Institute, the<a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/homepage\/medici\/\"> doctors and nurses<\/a> of the multidisciplinary team are available to provide the patient with all the support he or she needs to manage the various side effects he or she will face in the course of treatment.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Psychological support  <\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The impact of cancer in a person&#8217;s life also affects the<\/span><b> psychological sphere:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> falling ill with cancer is in fact always a <\/span><b>traumatic event<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that affects all dimensions of the person and can generate anxiety, fear, anger, depression.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the Candiolo Institute, alongside cutting-edge therapies, the treatment and care pathway always includes a<\/span><b> qualified psycho-oncological support <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that helps the patient cope positively not only with treatment but also with the delicate phase of physical and psychological recovery.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><b>It is also possible to participate in support groups <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">psychological to compare with other people who have gone through or are going through the same experience.<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Direct line to specialists<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>The cancer patient is often a <strong>fragile patient<\/strong>, who needs help and support in his or her disease journey: when he or she experiences an ailment, whether related to the disease or a side effect of therapy, he or she should be able to receive a specialist&#8217;s opinion quickly, through a &#8220;fast track.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>For this reason, at the Candiolo Institute there is an <strong>assistance service<\/strong> every day, Monday through Friday from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.: just call the secretary of the Oncology Day Hospital (011 993 3775) reporting the need for an urgent consultation, and the patient is quickly contacted by his or her specialist doctor.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Social work<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Social Service Department of the Candiolo Institute conducts <\/span><b>information and orientation interviews to patients and their families<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on how to access services in the area and how to obtain welfare and social security benefits provided by law (disability, benefits for aids and prostheses, work leave, etc.).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The service operates on Wednesdays and Fridays from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. (phone: 011 9933059).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"interdisciplinary-group\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Interdisciplinary Group<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Every cancer requires, in all phases of disease management, a<strong> multidisciplinary approach<\/strong> that at the Candiolo Institute is guaranteed by a team of different specialists, belonging to the various clinical and surgical departments of the Institute: this team is called GIC (Interdisciplinary Care Group). The GIC ensures that<strong> each patient is taken care of throughout the diagnostic-therapeutic process<\/strong>, including prescribing and booking examinations and communicating with the patient and his or her family members. The GIC defines and shares a <strong>personalized care pathway<\/strong> for each patient, based not only on the type and stage of the tumor, but also on the patient&#8217;s own characteristics. The goal is to ensure that he or she has the best outcome both oncologically and functionally and the maintenance of a good quality of life.The Group also<strong> works closely with researchers<\/strong> at the Institute to ensure that patients have rapid access to the latest research-produced innovations in screening, diagnosis and treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"clinical-divisions\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Clinical divisions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The diagnostic and therapeutic pathway of bone tumors at Candiolo involves several clinical divisions, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/divisioni-cliniche\/oncologic-surgery\/\" type=\"medical-area\" id=\"5163\">Oncologic Surgery<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/divisioni-cliniche\/medical-oncology\/\" type=\"medical-area\" id=\"5169\">Medical Oncology<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/divisioni-cliniche\/oncology-day-hospital\/\" type=\"medical-area\" id=\"5183\">Day Hospital<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/divisioni-cliniche\/laboratory-analysis\/\" type=\"medical-area\" id=\"5113\">Laboratory Analysis<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/divisioni-cliniche\/pathologic-anatomy\/\" type=\"medical-area\" id=\"5118\">Pathologic anatomy<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"why-choose-us\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Why choose us<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>At Candiolo IRCCS Institute, every patient with bone cancer is<strong> followed according to highly specialized standards, <\/strong>thanks to the synergistic work of a dedicated Interdisciplinary Care Group (ICG).<\/p>\n\n\n\t<div id=\"block_69c53a289882d\" class=\"accordion-block acf-block\">\n\t\t<div class=\"my-4 lg:my-6\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Clinical experience and tailored approach<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Due to the high number of cases treated each year, the Candiolo Institute is a <strong>national reference for taking care of esophageal cancer.<\/strong> Our experience enables us to deal with even the most complex situations, always with a <strong>personalized approach<\/strong> built on the clinical and personal profile of each patient.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Imaging technologies and advanced diagnostics<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><!-- wp:paragraph -->Establishing the treatment plan always starts with an <strong>accurate and timely diagnosis<\/strong>. Patients have access to <strong>state-of-the-art imaging technologies<\/strong> that allow accurate assessment of the extent of the disease.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph -->In addition, the Institute offers <strong>advanced and sophisticated laboratory investigations<\/strong>, including molecular and genomic analyses, which are critical for identifying biological features of cancer and guiding therapeutic decisions.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Minimally invasive surgical techniques and multidisciplinarity<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>When indicated, surgery is performed with <strong>minimally invasive techniques<\/strong> (laparoscopic or thoracoscopic), which reduce operative trauma, promote faster recovery, and improve postoperative quality of life. Every treatment choice is defined within the GIC, ensuring a consistent and integrated approach.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Clinical research and access to trials<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h3>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph -->As an IRCCS, the Candiolo Institute combines clinical practice with a <strong>strong vocation for scientific research.<\/strong> Patients can be evaluated for inclusion in active <strong>clinical trials<\/strong>, which represent a real chance to access <strong>innovative therapies<\/strong> not yet available in standard practice. Collaboration between care and research is a distinctive value that translates into <strong>concrete opportunities for the patient<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Care and support every step of the way<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Interdisciplinary Care Group takes care of the person at every stage: from diagnosis to treatment to <strong>follow-up<\/strong>, with attention to <strong>nutritional support<\/strong>, <strong>psychological health<\/strong>, and <strong>reintegration into daily life<\/strong>. The organization of checkups, visits and treatment is designed to ensure <strong>continuity and serenity<\/strong>, always valuing the human dimension of care.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5252","pathology","type-pathology","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bone tumors - Istituto di Candiolo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Advanced diagnosis and therapies for primary and metastatic bone tumors, multidisciplinary approach and access to clinical trials in Candiolo, Turin.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/pathology\/bone-tumors\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bone tumors - 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