{"id":5384,"date":"2024-12-11T17:11:55","date_gmt":"2024-12-11T16:11:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/irccs.com\/patologie\/endometrial-cancers\/"},"modified":"2026-06-10T15:42:31","modified_gmt":"2026-06-10T13:42:31","slug":"endometrial-cancers","status":"publish","type":"pathology","link":"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/pathology\/endometrial-cancers\/","title":{"rendered":"Endometrial Cancers"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"pathology\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Pathology<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Endometrial cancer<\/strong> is a malignant neoplasm that arises from the <strong>endometrium<\/strong>, the <strong>inner lining of the uterus<\/strong>. It develops when endometrial cells undergo uncontrolled proliferation and acquire malignant characteristics. It is one of the most common gynecologic cancers, occurring <strong>predominantly in postmenopausal women<\/strong>, although it can also affect women of reproductive age.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Types<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For many years, endometrial cancer was classified into <strong>two distinct categories:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Type 1:<\/strong> Endometrioid carcinoma, an <strong>estrogen-dependent tumor <\/strong>generally associated with a <strong>favorable prognosis.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Type 2:<\/strong> A <strong>less common <\/strong>group of histologic subtypes, including serous, clear cell, mucinous, and undifferentiated carcinomas. These tumors are not associated with estrogen exposure and typically exhibit <strong>more aggressive <\/strong>clinical behavior.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In recent years, the classification of endometrial cancer has evolved to incorporate the tumor\u2019s <strong>molecular profile.<\/strong> This approach is based on the analysis of specific molecular and genetic alterations within the tumor and enables the identification of <strong>four prognostically distinct groups.<\/strong> Molecular classification provides more accurate risk stratification and supports the selection of <strong>tailored adjuvant treatments <\/strong>according to tumor aggressiveness and the likelihood of recurrence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Numbers in Italy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.registri-tumori.it\/cms\/pubblicazioni\/i-numeri-del-cancro-italia-2023\"><strong>AIRTUM<\/strong> (<\/a>Italian Association of Cancer Registries) approximately <strong>8,652 new cases<\/strong> of endometrial cancer were diagnosed in Italy in 2024. It is the <strong>third most common malignancy<\/strong> among<strong> women aged 50\u201369 years.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"symptoms\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Symptoms<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Abnormal vaginal bleeding<\/strong> is the presenting symptom in approximately <strong>90% of cases.<\/strong> This may occur as postmenopausal bleeding or as bleeding outside the normal menstrual cycle in premenopausal women. Because this symptom often appears early in the disease course, <strong>nearly 80% of endometrial cancers are diagnosed at an early stage<\/strong>, when the tumor remains confined to the uterus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Additional symptoms, more commonly observed in advanced disease, may include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Abnormal or foul-smelling vaginal discharge<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pelvic or lower back pain<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Unintentional weight loss<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Urinary symptoms, such as increased frequency or difficulty urinating<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Changes in bowel habits, including constipation or diarrhea<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"risk-factors\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Risk Factors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Type 1 endometrial cancer<\/strong> is strongly associated with <strong>prolonged or excessive exposure to estrogen<\/strong> that is not adequately balanced by progesterone. Several factors may increase the risk of developing this disease:<\/p>\n\n\n\t<div id=\"block_6a2969c6d211e\" class=\"accordion-block acf-block\">\n\t\t<div class=\"my-4 lg:my-6\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Factors Related to Hormonal and Reproductive History<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"58\" data-end=\"247\">Several hormonal and reproductive factors are associated with an increased risk of developing endometrial cancer, particularly those that result in prolonged exposure to unopposed estrogen:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"249\" data-end=\"871\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1bl44cf\" data-start=\"249\" data-end=\"385\"><strong data-start=\"251\" data-end=\"272\">Hyperestrogenism:<\/strong> An excess of circulating estrogen relative to progesterone, a condition commonly observed in women with obesity.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1pprkvx\" data-start=\"386\" data-end=\"551\"><strong data-start=\"388\" data-end=\"425\">Early Menarche or Late Menopause:<\/strong> These factors increase the total number of menstrual cycles over a lifetime, thereby prolonging cumulative estrogen exposure.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"dru92e\" data-start=\"552\" data-end=\"689\"><strong data-start=\"554\" data-end=\"570\">Nulliparity:<\/strong> Women who have never experienced a pregnancy have fewer periods of progesterone predominance, which may increase risk.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"u1elfj\" data-start=\"690\" data-end=\"871\"><strong data-start=\"692\" data-end=\"744\">Estrogen-Only Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT):<\/strong> The use of estrogen without the addition of progesterone can stimulate endometrial growth and increase the risk of malignancy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"873\" data-end=\"1065\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Conversely, the use of <strong data-start=\"896\" data-end=\"928\">combined oral contraceptives<\/strong> containing both estrogen and progesterone has been shown to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer and is considered a protective factor.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Metabolic and Lifestyle Factors<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"37\" data-end=\"154\">Several metabolic and lifestyle-related conditions have been associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"156\" data-end=\"885\">\n<li data-section-id=\"tptesi\" data-start=\"156\" data-end=\"429\"><strong data-start=\"158\" data-end=\"170\">Obesity:<\/strong> Excess adipose tissue promotes the peripheral conversion of androgens into estrogens, leading to increased estrogen levels and disruption of the normal estrogen\u2013progesterone balance. Obesity is one of the most significant risk factors for endometrial cancer.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1xt83vk\" data-start=\"430\" data-end=\"632\"><strong data-start=\"432\" data-end=\"454\">Diabetes Mellitus:<\/strong> Diabetes is associated with metabolic and hormonal alterations, including insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, which may contribute to the development of endometrial cancer.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"17gg54c\" data-start=\"633\" data-end=\"885\"><strong data-start=\"635\" data-end=\"652\">Hypertension:<\/strong> High blood pressure is frequently linked to metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions that includes obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Together, these factors are associated with an elevated risk of endometrial cancer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"887\" data-end=\"999\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">These conditions often coexist and may act synergistically to increase the likelihood of developing the disease.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Age-Related Factors<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qMYqUG_convSearchResultHighlightRoot\">\n<div class=\"\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-WEB:d1dfff5a-bfdb-45f8-b983-eae39cedb451-4\" data-is-intersecting=\"true\">\n<section class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto R6Vx5W_threadScrollVars scroll-mb-[calc(var(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom,0px)+var(--thread-response-height))] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"request-WEB:d1dfff5a-bfdb-45f8-b983-eae39cedb451-4\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-WEB:d1dfff5a-bfdb-45f8-b983-eae39cedb451-4\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-8\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" data-conversation-screenshot-content=\"\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal outline-none keyboard-focused:focus-ring [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" tabindex=\"0\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"2a7229f0-1da9-470b-8c41-dbec096b561a\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-5\" data-turn-start-message=\"true\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert wrap-break-word w-full light markdown-new-styling\">\n<ul data-start=\"25\" data-end=\"262\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1lyv7ec\" data-start=\"25\" data-end=\"262\" data-is-last-node=\"\"><strong data-start=\"27\" data-end=\"45\">Advancing Age:<\/strong> Endometrial cancer primarily affects women over the age of 50 and is most commonly diagnosed after menopause. The incidence of the disease increases with age, making postmenopausal women the most affected population.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Genetic and Familial Risk Factors<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul data-start=\"39\" data-end=\"628\">\n<li data-section-id=\"c22iji\" data-start=\"39\" data-end=\"387\"><strong data-start=\"41\" data-end=\"60\">Lynch Syndrome:<\/strong> This<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/medical-area\/medical-genetics\/\">hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome<\/a>,<\/strong> which is also associated with colorectal and several other malignancies, substantially increases the lifetime risk of developing endometrial cancer. Women with Lynch syndrome have an estimated lifetime risk of up to 70%, compared with approximately 3% in the general population.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1ma2pky\" data-start=\"389\" data-end=\"628\"><strong data-start=\"391\" data-end=\"420\">Family History of Cancer:<\/strong> A family history of endometrial cancer, colorectal cancer, or other Lynch syndrome\u2013associated malignancies may indicate an increased genetic susceptibility and a higher risk of developing endometrial cancer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"630\" data-end=\"789\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Women with a strong family history of these cancers may benefit from genetic counseling and, when appropriate, genetic testing to assess their individual risk.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"diagnosis-and-evaluation\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Diagnosis and Evaluation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the Candiolo Cancer Center, patients have access to the following diagnostic services:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Level II Transvaginal Ultrasound<\/strong>, performed by experienced specialists for detailed assessment of endometrial and pelvic pathology.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Integrated Hysteroscopy and Ultrasound Center<\/strong>, where transvaginal ultrasound and hysteroscopy are performed during the same visit, providing a comprehensive evaluation of endometrial abnormalities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Suspicion of endometrial cancer typically arises during a gynecological examination and transvaginal ultrasound when <strong>abnormal endometrial thickening<\/strong> is identified.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The diagnosis is subsequently confirmed through an <strong>endometrial biopsy<\/strong>. Tissue sampling is commonly performed during <strong>diagnostic hysteroscopy<\/strong>, a minimally invasive procedure that allows direct visualization of the uterine cavity and targeted biopsy of suspicious areas, enabling accurate histopathological diagnosis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once endometrial cancer has been confirmed, a comprehensive staging workup is required to determine the extent of the disease and guide treatment planning. This evaluation may include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Level II transvaginal ultrasound<\/strong>, performed by an experienced operator;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)<\/strong>, when indicated;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Transvaginal ultrasound and pelvic MRI provide detailed information about the primary tumor, including the depth of myometrial invasion, cervical involvement, and local disease extension. CT imaging is primarily used to assess for lymph node involvement and to detect peritoneal or distant metastatic disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Accurate staging is essential for determining prognosis and selecting the most appropriate therapeutic strategy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"therapies\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Therapies<\/h2>\n\n\n\t<div id=\"block_6a2969c6d2189\" class=\"accordion-block acf-block\">\n\t\t<div class=\"my-4 lg:my-6\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Conservative Treatment Options in Selected Cases<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">In carefully selected patients with <strong>early-stage endometrial cancer confined to the endometrium and without evidence of myometrial invasion<\/strong>, conservative management may be considered as an alternative to surgery. This approach is generally reserved for women who are premenopausal, have significant surgical contraindications, are of young age, or wish to preserve their fertility.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Conservative treatment options may include:<\/p>\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\n<li><strong>Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD)<\/strong>, which delivers high-dose local progesterone therapy to promote regression of the neoplastic lesion.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hysteroscopic resection or ablation of the endometrial lesion<\/strong>, when appropriate and performed in selected cases as part of a fertility-sparing treatment strategy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The goal of these approaches is to achieve tumor regression while preserving the uterus and avoiding or postponing definitive surgical treatment. Patients undergoing conservative management require careful selection, thorough counseling, and close follow-up with regular imaging and endometrial sampling to monitor treatment response and detect possible disease persistence or recurrence.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Surgical Treatment<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Surgery represents the cornerstone of treatment for endometrial cancer. The standard surgical approach consists of <strong>total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy<\/strong> (removal of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/medical-area\/ovarian-cancer-center\/\">ovaries<\/a><\/strong>), typically performed using <strong>minimally invasive techniques<\/strong>, including advanced laparoscopy or robotic-assisted surgery.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Even in patients with more advanced disease at diagnosis, surgery remains the preferred first-line treatment whenever complete tumor resection is considered feasible and the patient is medically fit to undergo the procedure.<\/p>\n<h3>Surgical Staging and Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping<\/h3>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Historically, surgical staging included <strong>systematic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy<\/strong>, involving the removal of all lymph nodes within these regions. However, this approach has largely been replaced by <strong>sentinel lymph node mapping<\/strong>, a less invasive technique associated with lower morbidity and fewer postoperative complications.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">The sentinel lymph node is the first lymph node to receive lymphatic drainage from the primary tumor and therefore the most likely site of initial metastatic spread. During surgery, a tracer\u2014most commonly <strong>indocyanine green (ICG)<\/strong>\u2014is injected into the cervix or near the uterus, allowing the surgeon to identify and selectively remove the sentinel lymph nodes.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Pathological examination of these nodes provides accurate information regarding lymphatic dissemination of the disease while avoiding the need for extensive lymph node removal. This approach significantly reduces the risk of complications such as <strong>lower-limb lymphedema<\/strong>, lymphocyst formation, nerve injury, and other surgical sequelae.<\/p>\n<h3>Adjuvant Treatment<\/h3>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Following surgery, the need for additional treatment is determined based on the final pathological findings, stage of disease, and molecular classification of the tumor. Depending on the individual risk profile, adjuvant therapy may include:<\/p>\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\n<li><strong>Radiotherapy<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Chemotherapy<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Combined chemoradiotherapy<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Targeted or immunotherapy-based treatments<\/strong> in selected molecular subgroups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This personalized approach aims to maximize disease control while minimizing treatment-related toxicity.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Postoperative Therapies<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Following surgery, the <strong>molecular classification<\/strong> of the tumor plays a key role in guiding decisions regarding additional treatment. Based on the individual characteristics of the disease, postoperative therapies <strong>may include chemotherapy and\/or radiotherapy.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In recent years, clinical studies have demonstrated the <strong>effectiveness of immunotherapy<\/strong> in selected subgroups of patients, expanding the range of available treatment options.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"ongoing-support\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Ongoing Support<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the <strong>Candiolo Cancer Institute<\/strong>, we provide <strong>continuous support before, during, and after treatment,<\/strong> ensuring that each patient is guided and cared for throughout every stage of their treatment journey and recovery.<\/p>\n\n\n\t<div id=\"block_6a2969c6d21ca\" class=\"accordion-block acf-block\">\n\t\t<div class=\"my-4 lg:my-6\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Management of Emergencies and Treatment-Related Side Effects<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Cancer patients often require ongoing medical support throughout their treatment journey. When symptoms arise, whether related to the disease itself or to treatment-related side effects, it is important that they can promptly access specialist advice through a dedicated fast-track pathway.<\/p>\n<p>For this reason, the <strong>Candiolo Cancer Institute<\/strong> provides a dedicated support service <strong>Monday through Friday<\/strong>, from <strong>8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.<\/strong> Patients can contact the <a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/medical-area\/oncology-day-hospital\/\">Oncology Day Hospital<\/a> Secretariat at <strong>+39 011 993 3775<\/strong> to request an urgent consultation. Following the request, the patient is promptly contacted by their specialist physician for assessment and guidance.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Psychological Support  <\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">A <strong>cancer diagnosis affects<\/strong> not only physical health but <strong>also emotional and psychological well-being.<\/strong> Coping with cancer is often a profoundly challenging experience that can give rise to feelings of anxiety, fear, anger, and depression.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">At the <strong>Candiolo Cancer Institute<\/strong>, psychological support is an integral part of the care pathway. Alongside advanced medical treatments, patients have access to <strong>qualified psycho-oncological support<\/strong> designed to help them navigate the emotional challenges associated with diagnosis, treatment, and recovery.<\/p>\n<p>Patients may also participate in <strong>psychological support groups,<\/strong> providing an opportunity to share experiences, receive mutual support, and connect with others who are facing or have faced similar challenges.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Direct Access to Specialists<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">To ensure timely support and provide prompt answers to questions or concerns, the <strong>Candiolo Cancer Institute<\/strong> offers a dedicated assistance service for all patients.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">From <strong>Monday through Friday<\/strong>, between <strong>8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m.<\/strong>, patients can contact the <a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/medical-area\/oncology-day-hospital\/\">Oncology Day Hospital<\/a> Secretariat at <strong>+39 011 993 3775<\/strong> to request an urgent consultation.<\/p>\n<p>Patients are promptly connected with their specialist physician, ensuring rapid access to expert advice, clear information, and immediate support when needed.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Supportive and Palliative Care<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Cancer patients often have <strong>complex needs<\/strong> that extend beyond the treatment of the disease itself and require comprehensive,<strong> multidisciplinary care.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">At the <strong>Candiolo Cancer Institute<\/strong>, patients who need additional support have access to specialists from a range of disciplines, ensuring personalized management of cancer-related symptoms and associated conditions. Services may include nutritional counseling, physical rehabilitation, pain management, and support for other medical needs that may arise during the course of treatment and recovery.<\/p>\n<p>The goal is to <strong>improve quality of life, promote overall well-being, and provide comprehensive care<\/strong> tailored to each patient&#8217;s individual needs.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Social Work Services<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"26\" data-end=\"278\">The Social Work Service at the Candiolo Cancer Institute provides information, guidance, and support to patients and their families regarding access to community services and the welfare and social security benefits available under current legislation.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"280\" data-end=\"491\">During dedicated consultations, social workers assist with matters such as disability recognition, access to aids and prosthetic devices, employment-related benefits and leave, and other social support services.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"493\" data-end=\"621\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">The service is available on\u00a0<strong data-start=\"521\" data-end=\"575\">Wednesdays and Fridays from 9:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m.<\/strong>\u00a0and can be contacted at\u00a0<strong data-start=\"600\" data-end=\"620\">+39 011 993 3059<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Follow-up after Treatment<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Once treatment has been completed, patients enter the follow-up phase, during which r<strong>egular clinical visits and diagnostic examinations<\/strong> are performed to <strong>monitor<\/strong> treatment outcomes, assess any side effects, and evaluate functional recovery.<\/p>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">Follow-up appointments play a crucial role in the early detection of any disease recurrence, allowing timely intervention when necessary. They also provide an important <strong>opportunity<\/strong> for patients to <strong>discuss concerns, ask questions, and receive ongoing guidance<\/strong> from their specialist physician.<\/p>\n<p>Follow-up visits are scheduled by the patient&#8217;s specialist, who evaluates the patient&#8217;s overall health status and reviews the results of any required tests and examinations.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"multi-disciplinary-team\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Multi Disciplinary Team<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Every cancer requires a&nbsp;<strong>multidisciplinary approach<\/strong>&nbsp;at all stages of disease management. At the Candiolo Cancer Institute, this is provided by a team of specialists from various clinical and surgical departments, known as the&nbsp;<strong>GIC<\/strong>, Interdisciplinary Care Group (or MDT). The GIC ensures that each patient is supported throughout the diagnostic and therapeutic process, including arranging and coordinating examinations and maintaining communication with the patient and their family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For each patient, the GIC (MDT) defines and shares a personalized care pathway based not only on the type and stage of the tumor but also on the patient\u2019s individual characteristics. The goal is to achieve the best possible outcomes both oncologically and functionally, while maintaining a high quality of life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Group<strong>&nbsp;also collaborates closely with the Institute\u2019s researchers<\/strong>&nbsp;to provide patients with rapid access to the latest innovations in screening, diagnosis, and treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"clinical-divisions\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Clinical Divisions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The diagnostic and therapeutic management of endometrial cancer at the <strong>Candiolo Cancer Institute<\/strong> involves a multidisciplinary team of specialists from several clinical divisions, ensuring comprehensive and coordinated care throughout every stage of diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/medical-area\/ovarian-cancer-center\/\" type=\"medical-area\" id=\"5148\">Ovarian Cancer Center<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/medical-area\/gynecologic-oncology-and-hereditary-tumors\/\" type=\"medical-area\" id=\"5119\">Gynecologic Oncology<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/medical-area\/anesthesia-and-resuscitation\/\" type=\"medical-area\" id=\"5185\">Anesthesia and Resuscitation<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/medical-area\/medical-oncology\/\" type=\"medical-area\" id=\"5169\">Medical Oncology<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/medical-area\/nuclear-medicine\/\" type=\"medical-area\" id=\"5106\">Nuclear Medicine<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/medical-area\/radiotherapy\/\" type=\"medical-area\" id=\"5104\">Radiotherapy<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/medical-area\/radiodiagnostics\/\" type=\"medical-area\" id=\"5101\">Radiodiagnostics<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/medical-area\/pathologic-anatomy\/\" type=\"medical-area\" id=\"5118\">Anatomical Pathology<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"clinical-studies\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Clinical Studies<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Researchers at the <strong>Candiolo Cancer Institute<\/strong> are actively involved in numerous national and international projects dedicated to the study of<a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/medical-area\/gynecologic-oncology-and-hereditary-tumors\/\"> gynecological cancers<\/a>. These activities span <strong>clinical, translational, and molecular research,<\/strong> and include multiple experimental clinical trials <strong>evaluating new chemotherapy agents, as well as innovative therapeutic approaches <\/strong>such as <strong>immunotherapy <\/strong>and<strong> hormone therapy.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A distinctive feature of the Candiolo Cancer Institute in the <strong>management of endometrial cancer<\/strong> is its <strong>personalized, risk-adapted approach.<\/strong> By stratifying tumors into different risk categories, clinicians can define the most <strong>appropriate treatment strategy<\/strong> for each patient: from active surveillance in low-risk cases, to hormone therapy or immunotherapy in intermediate-risk disease, and radiotherapy and\/or chemotherapy in high-risk tumors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This risk-based model <strong>ensures a targeted and individualized therapeutic approach,<\/strong> optimizing treatment effectiveness while aligning intensity of care with the specific clinical scenario of each patient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Access to Clinical Trials<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In selected cases, <\/strong>patients at the <strong>Candiolo Cancer Institute<\/strong> may have the opportunity to participate in clinical trials designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of new surgical techniques, pharmacological treatments, and innovative therapeutic strategies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Participation in these studies offers access to <strong>cutting-edge therapies, <\/strong>always under <strong>close clinical supervision<\/strong> and in accordance with<strong> rigorous ethical and scientific standards.<\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"why-choose-us\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Why Choose Us<br><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At Candiolo Cancer Institute, every patient with esophageal cancer is treated in a highly specialized manner, thanks to the synergistic work of the dedicated&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/pathology\/endometrial-cancers\/#multi-disciplinary-team\">Interdisciplinary Care Group (GIC)&nbsp;.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\t<div id=\"block_6a2969c6d2c73\" class=\"accordion-block acf-block\">\n\t\t<div class=\"my-4 lg:my-6\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Clinical Experience and Tailored Approach<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thanks to the large number of cancer cases treated each year, the Candiolo Cancer Institute is a <strong>national reference<\/strong>\u00a0center for the care of this disease. This extensive experience allows us to manage even the most complex cases, always using a <strong>personalized approach<\/strong>, tailored to the clinical and individual profile of each patient.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Imaging Technologies and Advanced Diagnostics<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Establishing a treatment plan always begins with an accurate and timely diagnosis. Patients have access to <strong>state-of-the-art imaging technologies<\/strong>, such as ultrasound, contrast-enhanced CT, MRI, and cholangio-RM, which are critical for accurately assessing the extent of the tumor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Advanced laboratory tests<\/strong>, including molecular analyses, are also available to help define biological features of the disease and guide treatment choices.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques and Multidisciplinarity<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>When appropriate, surgeries are performed using <strong data-start=\"244\" data-end=\"268\">minimally invasive<\/strong>, laparoscopic or robotic\u00a0<strong data-start=\"244\" data-end=\"268\">techniques<\/strong>. These approaches involve the use of camera-equipped instruments introduced into the abdomen through small incisions, thus reducing surgical trauma. <strong>Benefits<\/strong> to the patient include <strong>shorter hospital stay times, faster recovery, and lower risk of complications compared with traditional open surgery.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Clinical Research and Access to Trials<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h3>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><\/p>\n<p>As an IRCCS (Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization, and Healthcare), the Candiolo Cancer Institute combines clinical care with a strong focues on scientific research. Patients can be considered for\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/pathology\/endometrial-cancers\/#clinical-studies\">participation in active clinical trials<\/a><\/strong>, offering access to innovative therapies not yet available in standard practice. This integration of care and research is a distinctive strength that translates into tangible benefits for patients.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion group border-b border-white\/5\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"flex items-center cursor-pointer group-hover:text-blue-light group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-colors\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rotate-90 text-blue-lighter group-[.accordion--open]:rotate-180 group-[.accordion--open]:text-red transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 500 500\" fill=\"currentColor\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<polygon points=\"250,60 100,400 400,400\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"font-bold ml-5\">Care and Support Every Step of the Way<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion-content max-h-0 overflow-hidden transition-all\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pb-5 pl-[38px] pt-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Interdisciplinary Care Group (GIC or MDT) <a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/pathology\/endometrial-cancers\/#multi-disciplinary-team\"><strong>supports th<\/strong><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/irccs.com\/en\/pathology\/cervical-cancer\/#multi-disciplinary-team\"><strong>e patient at every stage<\/strong><\/a>: from diagnosis, through treatment, to follow-up. Special attention is paid to<strong> nutritional support, psychological health and reintegration into daily life.<\/strong> The organization of checkups, examinations, and treatment is designed to ensure <strong>continuity, serenity, and a humane, caring<\/strong> approach to each patient\u2019s needs.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5384","pathology","type-pathology","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - 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